11
Juan de la Cerda, Libro intitvlado vida política de lodos los estados de mugeres (Alcalá 1599), fol. 8r (cited by Edward Glaser, «Nuevos datos sobre la crítica de los libros de caballerías en los siglos XVI y XVII», Anuario de Estudios Medievales, 3 (1966), 393-410, at p. 406.
12
See Werner Gundersheimer, «Women, Learning, and Power: Eleanora of Aragón and the Court of Ferrara», and Roland Bainton, «Learned Women of Europe of the Sixteenth Century», in Beyond Their Sex. Learned Women of the European Past, ed. Patricia Labalme (New York: New York Univ. Press, 1980), pp. 43-65 and 117-28.
13
Fernando de Vera y Mendoza, Panegyrico por la poesía (1627; rpt. Cieza: Antonio Pérez y Gómez, 1968) fol. 56v. On the dynamics of the Virgin role model, see Marina Warner, Alone of All Her Sex (1976; New York: Vintage Books, 1983), and Margaret L. King, «Book-lined Cells: Women and Humanism in the Early Italian Renaissance», in Beyond Their Sex, Learned Women of the European Past, pp. 66-90.
14
Fray Pedro de la
Vega, Declaración de los siete psalmos
penitenciales (1599), fol.
10v (cited in Glaser, p. 403). The lament that women had abandoned their
devotional readings in favor of secular fiction seems to have
formed part of the misogynist tradition and was voiced well before
La Diana was
published. In the Corbacho: «Todas estas cosas [de
Boccacio] fallaréys en los cofres de las mugeres: oras de
Santa María, syete salmos, estorias de santos, salterio de
romance, ¡nin verle de ojo! Pero canciones, dezires, coplas,
cartas de enamoradas, e muchas otras locuras, esto
sý»
(Alfonso Martínez de
Toledo, Arcipreste de
Talavera, ed. Joaquín
González Muela [Madrid: Castalia, 1970], p. 135).
15
Glaser, p. 407.
16
Fray Malón de Chaide, La conversión de la Magdalena, ed. P. Félix García, 3rd ed. (Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1959), 1, 25-26.
17
Paul Alpers, «The Poetics of Pastoral», lecture at Boston University, Feb. 19, 1987.
18
Henry Kamen, Spain 1469-1714. A Society of Conflict (London; Longman, 1983), pp. 22 and 21.
19
For example, Ronald Surtz, «La Madre Juana de la Cruz (1481-1534) y la cuestión de la autoridad religiosa femenina», NRFH, 33 (1984), pp. 483. Roland Bainton, Women of the Reformation, cited in n. 8 above; Marcel Bataillon, Erasmo y España, trans. Antonio Alatorre, 2nd ed. (México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1966), pp. 69-70 and 176-79.
20
There are typically two planes of narration in sixteenth-century pastoral books. The first plane consists of the narrative present in which the impersonal narrator relates events that take place in the locus as they occur. The second narrative plane consists of the interpolations, past events related by characters who arrive on the pastoral scene from somewhere else. The extent to which the characters who enter the bower manage to assimilate its non-aggressive ideals and communicate their emotional problems within the confines of the locus determines the depth with which the pastoral mode functions in the narration as a whole. See Elizabeth Rhodes, «Sixteenth-century Pastoral Books, Narrative Structure, and La Galatea of Cervantes», forthcoming in BHS, The adaptation of Northrup Frye's mimetic scheme to pastoral theory is being developed by Paul Alpers; see note 17.